1 Kings 10:22

Authorized King James Version

PDF

For the king had at sea a navy of Tharshish with the navy of Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Tharshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks.

Original Language Analysis

כִּי֩ H3588
כִּי֩
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 1 of 20
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אֳנִ֣י a navy H590
אֳנִ֣י a navy
Strong's: H590
Word #: 2 of 20
-a ship or (collectively) a fleet
תַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ of Tharshish H8659
תַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ of Tharshish
Strong's: H8659
Word #: 3 of 20
tarshish, a place on the mediterranean, hence, the ephithet of a merchant vessel (as if for or from that port); also the name of a persian and of an i
לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ For the king H4428
לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ For the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 4 of 20
a king
בַּיָּ֔ם had at sea H3220
בַּיָּ֔ם had at sea
Strong's: H3220
Word #: 5 of 20
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif
עִ֖ם H5973
עִ֖ם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 6 of 20
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
אֳנִ֣י a navy H590
אֳנִ֣י a navy
Strong's: H590
Word #: 7 of 20
-a ship or (collectively) a fleet
חִירָ֑ם of Hiram H2438
חִירָ֑ם of Hiram
Strong's: H2438
Word #: 8 of 20
chiram or chirom, the name of two tyrians
אַחַת֩ once H259
אַחַת֩ once
Strong's: H259
Word #: 9 of 20
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
לְשָׁלֹ֨שׁ in three H7969
לְשָׁלֹ֨שׁ in three
Strong's: H7969
Word #: 10 of 20
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
שָׁנִ֜ים years H8141
שָׁנִ֜ים years
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 11 of 20
a year (as a revolution of time)
תָּב֣וֹא׀ came H935
תָּב֣וֹא׀ came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 12 of 20
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֳנִ֣י a navy H590
אֳנִ֣י a navy
Strong's: H590
Word #: 13 of 20
-a ship or (collectively) a fleet
תַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ of Tharshish H8659
תַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ of Tharshish
Strong's: H8659
Word #: 14 of 20
tarshish, a place on the mediterranean, hence, the ephithet of a merchant vessel (as if for or from that port); also the name of a persian and of an i
נֹֽשְׂאֵת֙ bringing H5375
נֹֽשְׂאֵת֙ bringing
Strong's: H5375
Word #: 15 of 20
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
זָהָ֣ב gold H2091
זָהָ֣ב gold
Strong's: H2091
Word #: 16 of 20
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky
וָכֶ֔סֶף and silver H3701
וָכֶ֔סֶף and silver
Strong's: H3701
Word #: 17 of 20
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
שֶׁנְהַבִּ֥ים ivory H8143
שֶׁנְהַבִּ֥ים ivory
Strong's: H8143
Word #: 18 of 20
probably, tooth of elephants, i.e., ivory tusk
וְקֹפִ֖ים and apes H6971
וְקֹפִ֖ים and apes
Strong's: H6971
Word #: 19 of 20
a monkey
וְתֻכִּיִּֽים׃ and peacocks H8500
וְתֻכִּיִּֽים׃ and peacocks
Strong's: H8500
Word #: 20 of 20
probably of foreign derivation; some imported creature, probably a peacock

Analysis & Commentary

For the king had at sea a navy of Tharshish with the navy of Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Tharshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of queen of sheba and solomon's wealth, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources